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I guess Chinese New Year business customs aren’t anything mythical nowadays, with China such a huge player in the world economy. Still, they could get a little bewildering for those new to working with Chinese people. Doesn’t help too that there are minor variations between China, Malaysia, Singapore, etc.
Generally though, the following five customs are universally observed during Chinese New Year, wherever one might be. One thing to note before reading is that, most of these customs evolved from folk beliefs. In other words, many are superstitions. By observing them, one is not superstitious though, especially when in business. It’s a matter of being culturally sensitive.
Chinese New Year Business Customs
Background
The Chinese year runs by the moon. This means that the Chinese Year would always begin after the Gregorian Year, usually in the earlier part of February. Each Chinese Year has 12 months of 30 days each. So as to keep pace with the Gregorian year, there is occasionally an extra month after the first. We don’t call this the 13th month. We simply call it the “run yue”(闰月). Pronounced as rune yue.
Each Chinese year is presided by an animal horoscope. There are 12 of these and they always preside in the same sequence. Chinese Year 2016 is a year of the monkey. Chinese Year 2015 was a year of the goat. Because of this, Chinese New Year decorations would always feature the “incoming” animal prominently. This is lucrative business because people have to dump their decorations after festivities, or wait 12 years to use it again.
(FYI, the Chinese horoscopic sequence is: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Pig)
1. Red. Red. And Mostly Red
Wearing red
Red is the colour of luck for the Chinese and it is EVERYWHERE in Chinese cities during the New Year. It is thus an unspoken expectation that you be wearing red when visiting someone’s household or company for celebrations.
Black, on the other hand, is a big no-no for it is the colour of mourning. For guys especially, this sounds to be an issue since our pants are frequently black or grey. No worries. No one expects a man to be decked out like a firecracker. As long as a guy has on a reddish top, it’s fine.
Incidentally, other bright colours are fine too. So that means yellows, oranges, beiges, etc. Purple is good as well, since purple is a Chinese colour of royalty. NO white tops and black pants, because that’s what pallbearers wear.
2. Mandarins
Mandarins
Mandarins. NOT oranges. They have totally different names in the Chinese world.
Exchanging mandarins is customary when visiting someone’s home or company during the New Year. It symbolises the exchange of gold, since the Chinese word for luck has the same sounds as mandarins. The visitor offers two. Subsequently, he receives two in return. During the New Year period in Chinese cities, you would see lots of Chinese people walking around with small festive paper carriers containing mandarins.
A tip on mandarin exchanges. If someone gives you two, and for whatever reason you have none to reciprocate, you could actually return those two to the visitor. JUST DON’T DO IT IMMEDIATELY. * Wait for a while, vanish somewhere in pretence of searching, then do it. Another tip. No matter what happens, you must give back two. Odd numbers are considered unlucky. To give four is, well, fine, but considered strange particularly if you have only received two.
* The Cantonese have a term for the immediate receiving and returning of mandarins. 运吉. It means an annoying waste of time.
3. Red Packets
Red Packets
Children love Chinese New Year because they receive red packets. These are red festive envelopes, around A4 size, filled with money. Adults correspondingly get a headache every New Year because of red packets.
Strictly speaking, only married people give red packets. * Singles do not. If you aren’t Chinese, you wouldn’t be expected to give red packets, though it would much be appreciated if you do. If you do wish to give, use a proper red packet; they are widely sold. Also check out the prevailing “rates” for the amount to give. It varies depending on the relationship between you and the recipient. What you want to avoid is to give too little. That would imply you’re a Scrooge.
* It is quite common for bosses to give Chinese staff red packets, as a form of gratitude for a good year. Unmarried Chinese also give elders red packets, as a form of piety, especially if they have been working for a while.
4. Business closure and opening
Chinese Lion Dance
Chinese companies formally shutdown and reopen for the New Year. Those who take this seriously can get very elaborated, with altar worships, grand dinners etc. during shutdowns, and lion dances and the likes of during reopening.
Shutdowns always last for a few days. Chinese New Year actually stretches for fifteen days, even though only the first few days are public holidays in Chinese cities. Typically, companies shut down one or two days before the New Year. They reopen from the fourth day or so onwards. (Depending on the stars for that year)
What is important to know is this. Chinese New Year is the most important celebration for the Chinese. Thus, Chinese loathe having to work during the shutdown period, because they have all sorts of family gatherings to attend. Some even consider having to work during shutdown as downright inauspicious. Realistically, it’s also very difficult for Chinese bosses to summon workers back during shutdown; they would end up having to promise double, thrice the usual wages. (In good years, seven times is not unheard of) In other words, you could pressurise a Chinese supplier into doing something during his shutdown, but you are unlikely to be forgiven. You are also definitely going to be billed a bomb.
5. Chinese New Year’s Eve
Reunion Dinner
The eve, or the 30th night, is when Chinese have reunion dinners with families. This is the equivalent of Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner. In China, where families could be working all over the massive country, this brings about a notorious yearly transportation crush.
For non-Chinese people, this means two things:
- You could invite your Chinese buddies to party on the eve. Just don’t expect them to turn up early, if at all. Actually, you’d be considered a nuisance.
- Do not schedule anything for the night of the eve. No tele-conferencing etc. please. Preferably, avoid the entire day altogether.
For non-Chinese people working in Chinese cities, this means several other things:
- A lot of shops wouldn’t be opened. Whatever you need, get them beforehand.
- Some popular shrines and temples would be choked with people nearer to midnight. Unless you are interested in the spectacle, avoid these areas.
- Chinese restaurants would almost be serving only reunion dinner packages. These are always fully booked way in advance.
- Non-Chinese restaurants that are operating might also be offering very pricey, pre-holiday menus.
What are suitable Chinese New Year Gifts for businesses?
This varies from city to city. In general, the following are safe and appreciated, for individuals or businesses.
- Hampers.
- Baskets of mandarins.
- Seafood delicacies, especially abalones.
- Chinese titbits and New Year snacks. These tend to be sold in containers with gaudy festive decorations and red caps.
- Wine. (Except to those who do not drink, of course)
- Festive packages sold by Chinese companies. These would contain a variety of stuffs, mostly ingredients for festive cooking during the New Year.
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business, business customs, Chinese New Year, shutdown